Counsel's Counsel: February 9, 2022


Counsel’s Counsel is the world’s preeminent advice column for law students. Written by recent UVA Law graduate, Jane Doe, J.D.

 

Question:

Hi, I have heard generally about journal tryouts from other 1Ls, but I haven’t heard much in terms of concrete, actionable tips that would help me during the process. I’m feeling a little behind. Is there anything I can do to optimize my journal tryout experience?

 

Answer:

Well, it makes sense why you haven’t heard any “concrete, actionable tips” from other 1Ls. First of all, they haven’t been through the process. More importantly, they are your competitors, so they have an incentive not to help you or, worse yet, to provide bad advice.

If there’s any group of people that reacts strongly to incentives—even slight ones—it is people in the legal industry. Doesn’t it seem odd that the vast majority of students do journal tryouts, despite having no interest in legal academia? That’s because having the resume line-item, which will have little to no value for most people, might provide some edge during the job search. Meanwhile, professors who clerked for the Supreme Court suck up to 2Ls on the VLR managing board because it might provide some edge in getting their articles published. It is part of the game.

In terms of “concrete, actionable tips,” definitely start studying for tryouts. I would start by memorizing the Bluebook sections. I used flashcards, but Quizlet will do. You’ll know you’re ready when you can glance at a citation and know which rule to flip to.

For the writing part, there’s a couple of things you can do. Personally, I did a few timed LSAT writing sections (like a dozen or so). It is like the journal tryout because it involves timed, persuasive writing on a prompt with two reasonable sides.

However, I learned a tip after my tryout that I wish I would’ve known earlier. First, pick any Supreme Court case decided in the last term, but don’t read the opinion. Then, read the appellate briefs for that case. Pick four cases from those cited in the appellate briefs and read their opinions. Then, write a mock opinion for the original Supreme Court case. Time this so that you start reading and finish writing your paper over a weekend. If your reasoning looks nothing like the Supreme Court majority opinion, you should be in good shape. I promise this will not be an immaculate waste of time.

I hope you have as much fun with journal tryouts as I did! It will be a weekend worth remembering.

 

For a serious response to your serious inquiries, please access the anonymous submission form.

Court of Petty Appeals: 3Ls v. Administration


3Ls v. Administration
74 U.Va 15 (2022)


Tonseth, J. delivered the opinion of the Court.


Facts

            Picture this. You’re a spring semester 3L. You didn’t learn until this past August that you’d need to take Professional Responsibility and the MPRE before graduation, let alone 6 practical skills credits. Luckily, you accidentally signed up for a course that filled the writing requirement as a 2L and the gunner you befriended out of sympathy as a 1L told you about the PR/MPRE requirement before it was too late. Coast is clear to graduate, right? In this sense, yes, without any help from the Administration. However, the claim brought today against the Administration is not for failing to properly notify students of graduation requirements. No, it is far more vile and hits too close to home.

            To the simpleton, law school should teach someone how to sue someone else and how to become a lawyer. As nobody on this esteemed Court has learned the first, it is not surprising that today’s claim arises from the second factor. Namely, the plaintiffs allege that the Administration conducted and continues to conduct a grievous breach of contract for failing to properly educate 3Ls on how to become legitimate lawyers. The 3Ls allege that through detrimental reliance, many are just now learning (including by reading this opinion) that deadlines to apply to take the Bar, to submit their applications to pass Character and Fitness, and to complete the required pre-Bar courses[1] actually exist and happen before the 3Ls will graduate.

            This complaint is not solely limited to Student Affairs, whose entire existence is to advance and protect the welfare of students. Nor does the buck stop at the Registrar’s office, whose failure to properly warn 3Ls of graduation requirements is only the tip of the iceberg. This complaint, and the defendants comprising the Administration, also include the Office of Private Practice (OPP) and the Public Service Center (PSC).[2] The 3Ls aim to take down the entire system, to which this Court is happy to oblige.


Analysis

            The Court’s analysis of the class action complaint is rooted in the law of contracts. The analysis from the plaintiffs is as follows. For a hefty and rising annual tuition fee, the 3Ls are trusting the Administration to prepare them to become future lawyers. In this view, the 3Ls view their tuition as consideration for a contract with the Administration, which the Administration has been greedily happy to accept. In return for this consideration, the Administration generally provides the required courses in accordance with ABA standards so that 3Ls can attain a degree.

            In their lengthy amicus, defendants argued strenuously against this logical sequencing. First, they claim that tuition is in no way consideration. This argument is as whimsical and flimsy as the ban on drinking and eating unless a student is in ScoCo. Even if this Court were to find that there was no consideration, the 3Ls have posited a valid alternative. Under the caretaking doctrine, the Administration is tied to the success of each 3L becoming a valid lawyer by promissory estoppel. In either case, the 3Ls have detrimentally relied on the Administration to prepare them to become lawyers. The Administration further argues that their duty to prepare the plaintiffs to become a lawyer stops at graduation. The Court is receptive to this line of reasoning, almost. If the Administration wasn’t quick to tout its clerkship numbers, frequently highlight UVA Law Grads, and solicit donations from alumni as soon as (or before) they get their first check all after these alumni become qualified lawyers, the outcome of this case would be different. The buck stops here.

            As the Administration has shown a penchant for piggybacking off of the success of its students post-graduation, this Court holds that their duty to prepare 3Ls to become legitimate lawyers extends until the 3Ls are officially sworn into the bar.


Remedy

            The Administration has shown a clear and continuous breach of contract with the class of 3Ls. 3Ls have for too long detrimentally relied on the Administration to prepare them to become official lawyers, to no avail. The fact that 3Ls have learned more about what they need to do to become qualified from Themis, Barbri, or Kaplan bar prep programs is a stain on the Administration that cannot be wiped away. Yet, the remedy is simple. Lawyers and law students alike love checklists. Most 3Ls will either be barred in D.C. or New York.[3] Therefore, this Court orders any of the named Administrators to create a checklist with the timelines for these two localities for the 3Ls. List what each 3L needs to accomplish to be qualified. The date and time of the bar in July (or January), the date to submit the Character and Fitness application, and how the Administration could help. With the amount of tuition the 3Ls have paid, there’s plenty of money to go around to make this someone’s full time job.

It is so ordered.

 

 

Brown J., dissenting.

            The Court’s complaints about the lack of guidance from the Law School about how one actually becomes a lawyer are based on a fundamentally flawed understanding of what law school is meant to do. We are not put through the rigor of doctrinal classes, awkward section events, unclear COVID restrictions, and exhausting Zoom networking events in order to learn “how” to be a lawyer, we do so to learn how to “think like a lawyer.”

            As with any worthwhile dissent, this is based on the original public meaning of “law school.” Early legal programs were not meant to instruct students on how to be lawyers, they were just meant to supplement a legal apprenticeship. When Judge Tapping Reeve established the Litchfield Law School in 1784, he did so to provide laypeople a chance to understand the law and to provide entertainment for his apprentices.[4] Law school then was understood to not be something meant to give practical skills, and that original meaning remains the case today.

            Imagine what would happen if law schools actually tried to prepare all of us for a career in the law by building skills instead of telling us to go play softball. LRW would be graded, assignments would come periodically with little warning, and we might actually get told what a transactional lawyer does. This nightmarish world the majority hopes to bring in would push law school away from being an excuse to avoid getting a real job for three years into a trade school where we would learn practical skills.

            The legal world has been intentionally designed to be unintuitive and difficult to navigate for lay people. Law school is not exempt from this reality, nor should it be. As we are about to enter a profession known for its complexity, we should not be coddled by the administration in any way even if it would make the lives of students measurably better with minimal cost to the institution.

            For these reasons I respectfully dissent.

 


Birch J., dissenting.

            The majority’s opinion in this case completely misses the mark and I vehemently dissent. I join in my colleague’s dissent but must write my own as well for two reasons. First, to remain relevant. Second, the duty claimed by the injured party is not a duty that exists, nor has ever existed.

            The “contractual relationship” that is claimed can be boiled down to a simple exchange: a fancy piece of paper with your name on it in exchange for crippling student debt. Money for paper, that’s it. There are fringe benefits to having that particular paper, but that paper is what you are buying. To imply that the administration should be obligated to do a single thing more than this would upend the contract. Students have to put up with anything the administration does in the three-year vesting period, but softball has been provided to drown out the sorrow.

            The claim of “detrimental reliance” is even less substantial than the contract claim. Simply put, if a student relies on the administration or any of its subsidiaries, then they have dug their own grave. Much like going on a diet or trusting your ex when they say, “it won’t happen again,” reliance on something famously unreliable provides no basis for a claim. The students in question have been fooled once, twice, and 3L is the charm. You’d think they would have learned by now, but learning is not what law school is for.

---

pjt5hm@virginia.edu
jwb4bb@virginia.edu
sfb9yu@virginia.edu


[1] Looking at you, New York, and your required pro bono hours.

[2] Personally, I’d give the PSC a break. It’s hard enough to find PI students jobs, let alone tell them the requirements to pass the Bar in whatever state they’re lucky enough to find a job in. PSC can only do so much good for this world.

[3] While this opinion isn’t about the death spiral that is OPP and BigLaw funneling junior associates to these two tax heavy major markets, just to burn them out, this Court abhors BigLaw, save the new matching salaries.

[4] Attending a legal lecture as a form of entertainment may strike some as odd, a sign of how far our glorious profession has fallen. 

Hot Bench: James Ford '23


James Ford ‘23

Interviewed by Nikolai Morse ‘24


How does it feel to have been nominated by Sai and JP for this week’s Hot Bench?

It’s about time! I’m one of the more eccentric people at the law school. I have an interesting background, views, and style.


Tell me about that interesting background?

I’m originally from Florida. I came from a pretty working-class family. Did poorly in high school and figured out that my best chance to get a good college education was in the UK, because they rely heavily on standardized tests. I went to the University of Dundee in Scotland, where I got a Bachelor of Laws. I was published, won Best Honours Dissertation, and graduated with First-Class Honours. My education there has given me a unique view on what the study of law is.


How is your view of legal education different?

Everywhere else in the world the law is considered an academic discipline. Similar to English, history, or philosophy. It is one of the humanities. So, the goal of your education is not to teach you a way of thinking, but rather to teach you what the law is in terms of its content and subject matter. The purpose is to be a legal scholar, rather than teach you common law reasoning, which I think is the goal of an American legal education.


What do you think accounts for those differences?

Two reasons. First, in Britain you’re expected to do an apprenticeship after law school, so the British legal academy expects you would get your practical training in that way. Second, you could probably trace the difference back to the emergence of legal realism in America and the idea that you can study law as a science by working through cases and deriving their rules.


Do you believe the realist method is uniquely American?

Interesting, because “Law AND”[1] is ascendant in the academy, but from a teaching perspective, we still follow the legal realist way. You aren’t told the point of the case ahead of time; you are asked to analyze it and derive the rule. The approach elsewhere is that the law is a distinct body of knowledge, and the way you learn it is by engaging with it.


How is the structure of assessment different in the U.K.?

You write more. Every class at my university had a paper which was 25% of your grade. And not a memo or case note, but a truly academic paper on a topic assigned by the professor. Sado-masochistic injury was historically illegal under the Offences Against the Person Act, and one of the papers I was asked to write asked whether it should still be illegal today—there’s an important normative inquiry. Your final is closed-book and handwritten. You’ll have some “problem” questions like we do here, but also questions on history and policy.


Why did you come back to the U.S. for your J.D.?

Originally, I thought I might want to be a legal academic, but I realized at a certain point that I did not enjoy writing legal academic papers and would want to be a practitioner. Since America’s legal market is substantially larger than Britain’s, and I am from here, it made sense.


What are you doing this summer?

I’m working for UVIMCO which manages UVA’s endowment. The endowment is huge—$21 billion—so they do lots of interesting things. My work seems like it will primarily be reading a lot of contracts the university makes with companies it invests in. It’s very transaction-focused.


I was told by some of my classmates to ask you about two (seemingly) unrelated topics: Communism and Tarot. Would you care to elaborate?

On communism: for me it comes down not to state control or centralization but unlocking human potential. Are people more free in a world where their lives are dictated by whether they are close to the imperial core or the imperial periphery, or would they be more free, creative, and capable of being more virtuous people if they didn’t have to live under that system? Currently in the U.S. there is an increasingly intricate system where upper-middle class families can send kids to the right prep school, the right universities, and to work for the right companies. The institutions of America have shown themselves to be incapable of dealing with this, because academics don’t want to talk about it and politicians are taking legal bribes from corporate interests.

Back to law school, the purpose of law school is not to teach you the law but to think like a lawyer. What is that, if not reproducing a certain kind of ruling class logic, to reproduce the method of thinking of those in power?


Would advancing Communism be a long-term goal for you?

It is actually federally unlawful to be a member of the communist party (though the law isn’t enforced), so it could be a problem if I joined a communist party before I pass the bar. The second problem is the financial aspect. My parents lost everything in ’08, so I have to earn some money. So, it’s important when you’re a leftist to think about how much you’re allowing your career to impact your values.


What about Tarot?

Some people at the law school know that I give tarot readings. My mom did this when I was growing up, which got me interested. I was in Dundee one summer and I started reading a lot of theology, a bit of occult history, and started meditating on tarot cards. Not sure if they have any kind of power, but they are rooted in a really interesting Christian theological system. When you understand this, and how specific the meanings of the cards are, when someone comes and speaks with you it gives you a structured way of jumping off into a broader conversation.


Alright, time for the lightning round!

Favorite food? Oysters.

Favorite class you’ve taken at UVA Law? Trusts and Estates, with Johnston.

Favorite place in Charlottesville? Clark Hall.

Favorite book? Moby Dick.

What is your spirit animal? Octopus.

If you could time travel, when and where would you go? The Holy Roman Empire, around the 12th century. I would be really interested in studying feudalism on the ground.

Favorite place you have traveled to? Sterling, Scotland.

If you could pick one person to win the lottery, who would it be? Myself.

---

cpg9jy@virginia.edu


[1] E.g., “law and economics,” “law and sociology,” etc.

Court of Petty Appeals: Law Students v. Law Professors


Law Students v. Law Professors
74 U.Va 14 (2022)


Judge Kulkarni delivered the opinion the Court.


Law school students are fond of the mantra that 1Ls are scared to death, 2Ls are worked to death, and 3Ls are bored to death. Yet, regardless of this mantra, petitioners from all three classes bring a claim of breach of contract and intentional infliction of emotional distress. The subject of this complaint is the professors of the Law School, specifically those that failed to upload students’ grades by the established deadline. Once again, we are presented with a number of procedural and substantive issues surrounding this case.

The students bringing this complaint allege that in attending this Law School they enter into a contract with their professors. The students give up a month of their life to live in the library or their other study spot of choice; in return, their professors provide them with their grades by a set deadline in order to alleviate the inevitable stress that the students have accumulated. The 1Ls have been encouraged to be hyper-competitive for the sake of the unknown, mysterious curve and for a chance to be on the less famous organization with the words “Virginia Law” in the name.[1] The 2Ls range from those who are trying to build their applications for public interest jobs, those who want to flex on their friends,[2] and those who are simply too anxious to allow themselves some time off from working hard. It is baffling that there are any 3L petitioners, but this Court must admit that there might be one of them who eventually clerks for the Supreme Court.[3] This wide range of students has all claimed that in failing, and allegedly even refusing, to upload grades by the first date of Spring Semester, the professors have severely impacted their ability to “enjoy law school.”[4]

To begin with, the 1Ls have no standing. In order to make such a claim, they have to be valid petitioners. As this Court has held time and time again, 1Ls have no rights; this is a bedrock principle of our jurisprudence.[5] For the complaints brought by these students, our decision is simple: suffer in silence. Your grades have zero bearing on your 1L job. You will get one, and, if your parents are dedicated enough to buy you a 1L summer associate position,[6] then these grades matter even less. For those of you who don’t, live like the rest of us. Everyone takes these classes and everyone is suffering together. Maybe this shared struggle is exactly what you need in order to bond with your class for the tough times ahead.[7] As usual, this party’s claims are dismissed with extreme prejudice.

For the upperclassmen, however, the complaints have merit. Much of these students’ precious time has been wasted on something as mind-numbing as their grades. For many of us, these are the last one to three semesters to be young and fun. Keeping us hanging on the questions of whether or not we made median (and what median even was) in a given class takes away from this time. There is, indeed, a clear contract between these students and their professors. In return for turning down the gunning and asking of random hypotheticals to impress professors who have no interest in being impressed, the professors who teach 2Ls and 3Ls have implicitly agreed to hand down better grades and to hand them down faster. No professor at this level[8] actually cares about what grades they give; grading is as much a chore for them as studying is for the students. No student has spent the last two months of their 2L[9] or 3L fall semester working hard in the library without social interaction; without grade validation, such behavior seems pointless.

Thus, the professors who choose not to complete their grading within the time limit provided by the Law School are not just inflicting emotional distress upon their students, they are doing it to themselves as well by keeping themselves stuck in the previous semester. Rather than calculating what the median GPA is in a given class, handing out medians to 90% of the students and using a random number generator to assign grades on either side of the median to actually create a curve, these professors insist on slacking and making their own jobs harder. It is for the few students still competing for clerkships and public interest jobs that professors are inflicting the most harm. These students gave the professor the consideration of paying attention in class, and therefore, these students have the most explicit contract with their professors for swift grading.[10]

Thus, this Court finds itself forced to issue a clear and firm order to the professors of the Law School: abide by the grade deadline. Lift the stress upon the few students who care. Lift the annoyance from the shoulders of those who do not. And save yourself the emails from the registrar’s office and the most persistent of students to get your grading done faster. A failure to abide by the deadline going forward may force this Court to issue an even more drastic order: requiring fall grades by January 1st.


Birch, J., concurring.

 

I start by commending my colleague for now upholding the precedent that 1Ls have no rights, now that he is securely in their second year of Law School. It is a large turn in his personal jurisprudence, but I must acknowledge the necessary change. As to the other petitioners, my colleague has absolutely hit the median in the center.

While I concur with the majority, I should first note the worthiness of some delay. Having grades released, en masse, after the conclusion of many of the religious holidays that occur in December is a benefit for students visiting their families. “My professor hasn’t submitted them” is the best possible response for why you can’t talk about grades at the dinner table. However, when New Year’s Eve approaches, this is the perfect time to know and announce your median-ness, and claim that you’ll start fresh into a new year.[11]

The methods used by professors described in the majority are true to form and practice. The speed of these methods should not be the cause for delay of a professor's grades. If anything, these tried-and-true methods should be considered a windfall for simplicity and expediency, something that rarely is seen in Law School or the legal profession. Professors who provide too much information and thought into their grading, should have realized they chose a profession that shies away from math like this court shies away from 1Ls’ rights.

In addition to the secondary IIE claim that occurs at the start of the semester when grades are long-delayed, the delay itself extends and exacerbates the already present IIE claim deriving from many final examinations. The delayed grading of a semester impedes the ability for students who were emotionally harmed by the class and its resulting examination to begin the recovery process. Students need to be given the opportunity to move on, otherwise, how will they start to find meaning outside of being a 4.0 K-JD.


[1] The Virginia Law Review is clearly the less prestigious organization…but congratulations anyway to their newly appointed Managing Board.

[2] i.e. get a clerkship.

[3] Whoever you are, we know you will be biased towards all of us and we thank you for that.

[4] There is no such thing.

[5] 1L Gunners v. Everyone Else, 324 U.Va 22 (2019).

[6] Or if you are a patent law candidate or in FedSoc.

[7] I am, of course, referring to journal tryouts.

[8] With the possible exception of Professor Bayefski and her Fed Courts class.

[9] Especially not the author of this case.

[10] I apologize for butchering consideration, Professor Verkerke. In my defense, I scored below median in your class.

[11] Even though you know you won’t.

Counsel's Counsel: Feb. 2, 2022


 Counsel’s Counsel is the world’s preeminent advice column for law students. Written by recent UVA Law graduate, Jane Doe, J.D.

 

Question:

I’m a 1L, and my grades last semester weren’t great. I’m concerned about OGI and clerkships because I’ve heard they care a lot about grades. I’m especially concerned because I’m a K-JD, and I feel like I can’t point to a lot of objective things except for my grades. I know I need to bounce back, but I’m not sure how. I think part of the problem is that I had a hard time getting interested in some of my classes. Part of it may have been my studying strategies. I’m really worried, so I appreciate your help!

 

Answer:

First of all, it’s great that you’re thinking about OGI and clerkships now. It’s never too early. This is your career we’re talking about, after all.

I’m glad you fully appreciate the importance of grades. While everyone loves an underdog in the movies, BigLaw attorneys eat underdogs for lunch (at their desks, of course). Unfortunately, since you are a K-JD, your identity has become your education. If you were writing in at the end of 1L, all hope would probably be lost. Luckily, that’s not the case!

I was in a similar position after my first semester, and coming back from bad grades is tough. As for advice, mindset is essential. What really helped me was viewing classes less like an educational experience and more like a means to an end.

Some people have a genuine curiosity about the world that keeps them interested across subjects, but those people are rare. Typically, people in the legal field are driven by competition, anxiety, and deep-seated insecurities. So, it yields much more consistent outcomes to (1) reduce your education mentally to a transaction—you trade time for results; (2) view your colleagues as obstacles to actualizing your potential; and (3) channel any anger you feel from step #2 into your studies.

In terms of studying strategies, change everything. You were probably told to “Do whatever works for you,” but that didn’t work, so it won’t work this time. If you studied in a study group, study alone. If you studied in the library, study in ScoCo. Leave no stone unturned.

It also wouldn’t hurt to be wealthy. As with most things, having money is an advantage in law school. If possible, it is time to invest in Quimbee, commercial outlines, a bookstand, and a second monitor. Go golfing with your professors. Plus, you can use your parents’ legal contacts for networking in case OGI falls through.

I believe in you, and I wish you the best of luck in your studies!

For a serious response to your serious inquiries, please access the anonymous submission form using the QR code below.

Tweedledee and Tweedledum: Google Drive v. Outlook


Caleb Stephens ‘24
Staff Editor

A Sunny Outlook

Daily a deluge, a torrent, a veritable flood of emails arrives on my metaphorical doorstep. For the past year and a half, I have battled in vain against this plague upon my mind, a clutter in my soul, a pox upon my existence. You too, dear reader, doubtless have experienced this same disaster of which I speak: the endless automated announcement emails from the University of Virginia, clubs, Lexis, Westlaw, and sundry other sources.

            Finally, beleaguered students are being given weapons with which to do battle against this flood: the indispensable Outlook Rules. For the uninitiated, Outlook Rules allow one to set up automation to sort emails into folders based on the text, email address, keywords, or any such sorting system one can imagine. While Gmail does have tags and folders, they do not enable auto-sorting in such a manner, only sorting into Gmail’s tab system. Many has been the day when I could not find an email because it disappeared into either promotions or updates, without any apparent rhyme or reason.

            To adopt a more casual tone, while Gmail features are more intuitive and straightforward, the lack of customization makes it less user-friendly than Outlook. While Outlook admittedly is complicated and arcane, once the user learns how to use the features, it opens up worlds of possibilities. Automated email sorting is only the beginning of the special features. Much like other Microsoft programs, it does have a steep learning curve (hello there Excel), but once that curve is surmounted, the features quickly won me over. There is a reason that most businesses use Microsoft Outlook, despite its often-outdated interface.

            That all said, it is a major inconvenience that we now have two completely different Microsoft accounts, both of which are completely necessary for everyday usage. If these both could be integrated, it would fix many of the problems inherent in trying to remember which of the two Microsoft logins is correct. But hey, at least I won’t have links to addresses attempting to open in Google Maps, only to be told that my UVA Google account is not permitted to use that feature.

 

Mason Pazhwak ‘23
Events Editor

 

An Overcast Outlook

 

While other law students may have reasons why they are either overjoyed or outraged by the switch from Google’s Gmail to Microsoft’s Outlook as our school’s new email platform, I am here to represent the email checker that was neutral, and perhaps even indifferent to the change. When I use my email, I do not set complex email sorting rules, connect external applications, or appreciate having multiple inboxes for different types of emails. All I do is open my inbox in a browser or on my phone, go through and read my emails linearly, move a few important ones I will need to reference later into a simple, intuitive folder hierarchy, delete the others, and get on with my day. Both Gmail and Outlook allow me to do this extraordinarily well. In fact, I can’t think of a single time where I have been unable to get this done on either platform. It is almost as if both were created and continue to be updated by multi-billion-dollar companies that have teams of highly paid designers and engineers who spend hours making user experiences as easy and intuitive as possible. Or even more simply, it is that an email platform doesn’t need that many unique features to be effective, and a whole range of different platforms would be largely interchangeable for most people.

            Perhaps my email use is less complicated and well thought out than some, and as a consequence I spend a few extra seconds sorting around like a caveman. Conversely, maybe I do more than others, who just read and delete while I waste my time moving things into my folders. All I can say is either platform works fine for my purposes and likely the purposes of most, and I can’t see how either changes the game for me. The only major difference I have felt so far is having to log into a new website. Now, if I were to bring in other factors external to the email platforms, such as the merits of the full set of Microsoft and Google tools, I am sure I might find something to gripe about. But as far as the emails go, I am going to pull a Switzerland and take a nice seat on the sidelines as other power users duke it out.

 

Michael Berdan ‘22
Opinions Editor

A Dark and Stormy Outlook

 

When I was notified that there would be a transition, I was livid. Really? Changing whatever it is you’re changing, right now? In the Year of Our Lord Two Thousand Twenty-Whatever? Surely I wasn’t the only 3L who let out the true soul’s call of all 3Ls: the exasperated sigh that evolves into a belch, groan, and whimper all at once. The way things were prior to the change was just fine, probably, so why does the administration have to go under the hood and start tinkering?

            The main issue I have with this change—whatever it is—is that it’s out of step with the Law School’s established pattern of doing the absolute least. Time and again, the Law School has shown its desire to not change, to not make bold course corrections, and to not innovate. When the safety, mental health, and educational benefits of remote learning were staring them in the face, they forced everyone back to the in-person status quo. When Thomas Jefferson’s history of slavery, rape, and violence was brought to light by historians, this university decided to hang tight with their man. When job markets tanked, they continued to plod ahead with tuition increases year after year after year!

            I will concede, however, that I do appreciate that in this change, the Law School has stuck with its default modus operandi of not seeking or caring about student input. The change was made, as is tradition, as is normal, without asking its 900-some, tuition-paying students what they think, or what they would prefer. It was made with the apparent assumption that we could not possibly comprehend or opine on the complex dynamics at play in deciding whether to change whatever they changed. We can at least take solace in the fact that the switch was made by an opaque bureaucracy, not by any democratic means. And that makes this change—whatever it was—a little more palatable.

 ---

cs8ws@virginia.edu
mwp8kk@virginia.edu
mwb4pk@virginia.edu

Court of Petty Appeals: UVA Gym-Goers v. UVA


 UVA Gym-Goers v. UVA
74 U.Va 13 (2022)

 

Peterson, J. delivered the opinion of the Court.

 

            Today, the Court is faced with an important question. One which has bearing on both the health and the wallets of not only students, but also faculty, spouses, children, and all manner of relations and acquaintances of the UVA community. Petitioners request that the court enjoin all fines, both present and future, which were levied because of so-called “Meter Violations” at IM-Rec facilities on Grounds. Further, petitioners request that the Court order repayment of all previously paid fines, with interest, that occurred in metered parking areas specifically meant for IM-Rec facilities. The Court responds to petitioners’ requests with righteous enthusiasm.[1]

 

Facts

“IM-Rec Sports is the obvious choice for the UVA Community. . . . IM-Rec Sports is convenient and affordable for anyone affiliated with UVA.”[2]

 

Clearly, respondents pride themselves on their community’s ability to provide for their mental health and wellbeing with “convenient and affordable” access to the facilities necessary for many of us to stay active and healthy. And one might actually think this is the case, as “[f]ull-time, current students are automatically members [of IM-Rec facilities] through student fees.”[3] However, as petitioners have astutely pointed out to the Court,[4] permission to use the facilities is not everything when it comes to accessing the gym and its various amenities. Access itself is an important factor, and one which the respondents have quietly left out of their “convenient and affordable” package. Yes, that’s right, I’m talking about parking. IM-Rec facilities all have plentiful parking spaces–I certainly have never seen them full. These parking spaces are not, as one might expect, included as part of the gym membership (as they would be at literally[5] any other membership-based gym). Instead, like the rest of respondents’ parking, one must pay to park through the ParkMobile app. For reference, one hour and thirty minutes at North Grounds Rec Center costs $2.60 in parking, if one doesn’t want to get ticketed and is using the gym between 7:30 AM and 5 PM Monday–Friday.

 

Analysis

Petitioners’ claim is as follows. Respondents have promised that if students pay up, they may use and enjoy the facilities and IM-Rec to their hearts’ content. Respondents claim, on the other hand, that their signage at the parking locations as well as their answer under the “FAQ” section in response to “[h]ow does parking work?”[6] has put petitioners on notice, making them responsible for any fines incurred while trying to exercise the gym-use they were promised mere lines above this statement.

            Today, the Court finds the most apt analogy to be the topic of our previous opinion,[7] the public trust doctrine. When a piece of property is held for the use and enjoyment of the public, additional property which is actually necessary to achieve that use and enjoyment is also considered to be held in the public trust.[8]

            In this instance, the application of this doctrine is clear. Access to the gym is necessary for students to make use of the memberships, memberships which they have paid for in the form of tuition. And while formally these students do have access to the gym through their memberships, this court is no stranger to looking through the form of an arrangement to its substance. At a rate of $2.60 for each hour and a half session at North Grounds, if a student wanted to go three times a week during the paid hours (as I intend to) they would have to pay roughly $31.20 a month in parking alone. This turns the “convenient and affordable” gym membership included in tuition fees into three times the cost of a membership at Planet Fitness, which only charges $10 a month. And guess what–Planet Fitness’s membership includes parking.

 

Conclusion

The Court sides with petitioners. Respondents are enjoined from all future enforcement of their metered parking. Further, respondents must refund, with interest, all parking tickets previously levied. The case is remanded to the District Court of Petty Affairs for determination of respondents’ duties consistent with this opinion. Further, the Court awards petitioners with attorney’s fees, because the Court has that power and thinks that respondents should understand what unnecessary fines feel like as well.

 

Querner, J., concurring

 

For many Law students, going to the gym is difficult enough on its own. Finding the motivation, time, and energy to get to the gym, then putting oneself through a grueling workout, can take a heroic level of effort. Imagine, then, an exhausted student, post-gym, who wants nothing more than a warm meal and a shower, coming to find that she owes a $60.00 parking ticket to IM-Rec facilities.

One might ask, why should she not pay the $2.60 parking fee for her hour-long workout? At the outset, that seems to help the student avoid owing $57.40. However, drawing the math from Justice Peterson, if the student attended the gym three weekdays per week, she would still owe $31.20 per month in parking fees! Going to the gym, while often exhausting and difficult to fit into a busy student schedule, is a time where students can decompress, de-stress, and build healthy, sustainable habits.

However, considering that many students are not within a close enough vicinity to NGRC or AFC to walk up, the costs of parking are a barrier to these students accessing the multitude of benefits of going to the gym. And, the parking fees are a barrier to all students on days when inclement weather makes it challenging to walk up to the gym. Therefore, to further the purpose of the IM-Rec gyms—which is to provide the physical and mental health benefits of gym-going equally to all students—I concur with the majority that Respondents are enjoined from all future enforcement of their metered parking.

Also, I agree that IM-Rec must refund, with interest, all parking tickets previously levied upon students (I concur with this holding mostly because of the ticket this Justice received at AFC last spring). For these reasons I concur.

 

  

Tonseth, C.J. concurs.

 

It is with the gusto of being refreshed after a two month hiatus from North Grounds that I eagerly join the opinion of this esteemed Court. However, I must urge the Court to go further in their ruling. If I knew how joinder worked, I’d explain how I believe that this decision should equally apply to the Law School itself. As I never really learned Civ Pro,[9] let’s just act like I can add the Law School as a party to this suit and move on with our days.

            How does this case apply to the Law School, you may ask? Hasn’t this Court and the Law Weekly already complained about the excessive parking fees charged, with the asinine fees imposed for parking during exam periods, when our ~trusted~ PAs told us parking was free?[10] The lessons from these past complaints are easily understandable: 1) Don’t trust your PAs; 2) Don’t trust UVA’s Department of Parking and Transportation to actually care about students; and 3) and 3OH!3 made bangers.[11] Today’s decision failed to expand on our prior decision in NGSL v. UVA IM-Rec Sports 73 UVa. 9, 2020 to the detriment of every student at North Grounds.[12]

            At this point, you’re probably wondering what this over-the-hill 3L is rambling about. Let me do you an educate real quick. Law students are incredibly vain. They post their summer associate positions on LinkedIn in the hopes a partner will see, they post Instagram pictures of their winter vacations to Vail with the “Live, Laugh, Love” caption, and complain that their firm gave them Airpods, for free, with Sidley written on the side because it’s “bad for the brand.” In this same vein, I would apply the Court’s public trust doctrine to the Law School. What is the remedy for this? Not paying back parking fees, or reducing parking costs. No, something more valuable to the vanity of a law student. I’m talking about a gym in the middle of Spies Garden.

            You’re probably thinking, this is crazy. But, what’s a better way to improve student health and reduce any potential parking fees? Make a more accessible gym, where students can either show off their new Lulu leggings on the stair stepper, or simply go shirtless and do crunches hoping that cute 1L notices them. Incredibly vain? You bet. Cost effective? Check. Improves mental and physical health? Win-win.

---

jtp4bw@virginia.edu
kmq8vf@virginia.edu
pjt5hm@virginia.edu


[1] In no small part due to the $45 ticket that Justice Peterson currently has yet to pay, which has resulted in another $35 of late fees.

[2] UVA IM-Rec Membership, https://recsports.virginia.edu/membership (last visited Jan. 23, 2022, 11:32 PM) (emphasis added).

[3] Id. It is of further note that full-time employees receive only a $50 subsidy on year-long memberships, leaving them with an annual $340 fee, or roughly $28.33 per month

[4] And made very clear by Justice Peterson’s ticket, which is next to him as he authors this opinion.

[5] I believe this may actually be a case where I am using literally correctly, and not just hyperbolically.

[6] UVA IM-Rec Membership, https://recsports.virginia.edu/membership (last visited Jan. 23, 2022, 11:32 PM) .

[7] See UVA Student Body v. Ivy Gardens Pool, et al., 74 U.Va 12 (2021).

[8] See generally Matthew v. Bay Head Improvement Association 95 N.J. 306 (holding that the public must be given access to privately-owned dry sand to access waters held in the public trust).

[9] S/O Professor Harrison.

[10] “Parking and the Student-Centered Law School,” Michael Berdan. https://www.lawweekly.org/col/2021/4/14/parking-and-the-student-centered-law-school

[11] IYKYK.

[12] Let the kids play.

Hot Bench: Reidar Compasano '23


Hey Reidar, thanks so much for taking the time to talk to us! This back-to-school Hot Bench special is all about winter break.

 

Where did you go over break?

I was back in Washington over break. I stayed at my mom’s place, which is in a community called Normanna Park, deep in the woods of the Pacific Northwest.

 

Mind telling us about one or two adventures you got up to out there?

There was a ton of snow, so I spent lots of time around the house. My favorite adventure was cleaning my mom’s basement. I have this irrational fear that someone else is going to clear things out down there, and I wanted a first look at a lifetime of stored memories. Outside of working around the house, I spent my time catching up with family and friends and lounging in front of the fire. 

 

Word on the street is you got a 3D printer for Christmas. How did you manage to fly it home, and what’s your favorite thing you’ve managed to print so far? Any future projects you’re looking forward to?

I did get a 3D printer for Christmas. Shout out to my grandma for picking my name in the gift exchange two years in a row. I managed to get it back to Charlottesville in a tote, which I checked at the airport. My favorite thing that I printed so far is this weird tool that allows tables to adjust to a certain angle. I couldn’t figure out its name to look up a model, so I ended up designing one in CAD. So far, it’s only semi-functional, so I’ll likely be entertained by that for a while.

 

I heard you signed up for a J-Term. Which one are you doing? What made you choose it, besides having fewer credits to take as a 3L?

I signed up for Corporate Law of HBO’s Succession with Hwang and Lyons. With the hype of Season 3 fresh on my mind, it just felt right to try and snag one of the two spots available for 2Ls once the add/drop opened. After considerable time on the waitlist, I was thrilled to see an email from Mr. Dugas saying that I got in.

 

How was the switch to virtual? Would you have made different winter break plans if you knew earlier the course would be online?

The switch to virtual was disappointing but understandable. The course being online wouldn’t have affected my travel plans. With bad internet at my mom’s and no quiet place to attend class, another week in Washington just wouldn’t have been practical.

 

How has the Charlottesville weather compared to out west?

The weather in both places hasn’t been great. The main difference is that I walk a lot of places in Charlottesville, so I’m exposed to the elements more often.

 

Anything you’re looking forward to this semester?

I’m looking forward to my classes. Last semester was my first exposure to “this is what you’ll be thinking about on a daily basis,” which makes the abundance of reading a whole lot easier. 

 

Lightning round questions 

Favorite food?  

Pizza.

 

Favorite place in Charlottesville?

Wool Factory.

 

Anti-Stress Hobby?

Woodworking.

 

Favorite word?

Complicated.

 

If you could live anywhere, where would it be?

Near a warm beach or lake.

 

What’s one movie that left an impression on you?

Walking Tall.

 

If you won the lottery, what would you do with it?

Index funds, student loans, chef.

 

If you could pick one song to play in the background of your life, what would it be? 

“Liar” by Taking Back Sunday.

 

What is your least favorite sound?

Glass breaking.

 

What’s your spirit animal? 

Tiger.

 

Where’s a place you’ve never been, but would like to go?

Oman.

 

If you could make one rule that everyone had to follow, what would it be?

One minute of self-affirmation per day.

---

rac5jx@virginia.edu

Court of Petty Appeals: UVA Student Body v. Ivy Gardens Pool


UVA Student Body v. Ivy Gardens Pool, et al.
74 U.Va 12 (2021)


Lake, J. delivered the opinion of the Court.

 

Petitioner comes to us today with a complaint rooted in the common law, which is our favorite sort of complaint. They’re already off to a great start. We granted review of this case to resolve whether the District Court of Petty Affairs was correct in dismissing the petitioner’s complaint for failing to state a claim. Upon review of the limited record, and relying, as we always do, on sound precedent,[1] we reverse and remand for a new trial.


Background

Based on the limited discovery that has taken place, it was determined that Ivy Gardens, The Pavilion, and other joined parties closed their apartment pools on or around September 27 of this year. Petitioner relies on the public trust doctrine to argue the pool closures were improper, and requests an injunction that would have them immediately reopened. Respondent was uncooperative with legal proceedings, but did make comments alleging that petitioner is a “troublemaker,” “nobody wants to go swimming when it's thirty degrees out anyway,” and “if your silly law newspaper keeps suing us, we will be contacting a real lawyer to serve you a cease and desist.” Given these facts, a closer look at petitioner’s argument is clearly warranted.


Whose Water is it Anyway?

The public trust doctrine holds that some submerged lands are held in trust by the state for the enjoyment of its citizens. Affected land can’t be sold or leased to private parties except in very limited circumstances, like improvement to the land for the benefit of the public. A pool is certainly an example of a submerged land, and closing a pool for half the year would not seem to be in-line with citizen enjoyment. Petitioner has presented strong evidence that pools are way more fun when they are accessible and people can swim in them, as opposed to sitting sadly on the deck throwing rocks at the vinyl cover. Respondent has pointed out that North Grounds Recreation Center (NGRC) is open year-round for indoor swimming, and the lower court found this alternative to be a suitable substitute for loss of apartment swimming facilities. We find the court erred in their judgement. Swimming at NGRC brings with it substantial risks not present in apartment pool swimming, including the chance of running into a professor during a midday workout.[2] The strength of petitioner’s claim is situated squarely in their application of public trust doctrine.

         The public trust doctrine consists of wishy-washy water law handed down from ye olde Byzantine days.[3] As American philosopher Kanye West once asked, what’s the basis?[4] Is this doctrine based on an inherent right of citizenship, or is it rooted in the Ninth Amendment? Like so many other aspects of the law held together by Lepage-brand tape[5] and judicial clerk tears, it’s better not to worry about it. As far as this Court is concerned, the declaration of independence may well have said “we hold these truths to be self-evident, yadayadayada, life, liberty, and the pursuit of navigable waters.”[6]

         With the doctrine’s authority established, we turn to its application in the instant case. Our beloved sister Court has long held the State’s own submerged lands in trust for the enjoyment of their citizens.[7] While the cowardly dissenter in this case may point out Ivy Gardens is a privately owned development and not a state agency, we argue that the University of Virginia’s purchase of the land in 2016 transformed Ivy Gardens into something “public entity adjacent.” That’s good enough for us. Our focus is instead on what submerged lands this doctrine covers. The English common law requires a body of water to be subject to the ebb and flow of the tide to be part of the public trust. The United States, on the other hand, has actual water like the Great Lakes and Mississippi River to deal with so we don’t have such a dumb requirement.[8] We follow a simple, all-American standard: if a submerged land was susceptible to navigation at the time of statehood, it belongs to the State as part of the public trust and must therefore be protected from private influence for the benefit of the public.

         Was Ivy Garden pool susceptible to navigation at the time of Virginia’s statehood on June 25, 1788? The record is shockingly silent. For this reason we must remand for full trial and discovery.

 

Justice Pazhwak, dissenting


There are many who have suggested that the law ought to conform to common sense. If that were true, I might be out of a job, so this Court will dismiss that notion out of hand. That being said, there are times when even this Court must attempt to inject some kind of common sense into its opinions, so here it goes. The temperature of outdoor pool water objectively gets far colder during the off-season months when they are traditionally closed, and while I have no doubt there are some who would enjoy dunking themselves in freezing cold water and give some apparently scientific reason for why it is good for the body and mind, most people do not have such a drive to take the plunge, or perhaps even the right level of preparation to survive it.[9] It is mystifying that Justice Lake, who has spent time in Alaska, and understands that swimming in extremely cold water, is, well, really cold, could find the petitioner’s argument for enjoyability persuasive. Moreover, the residents of North Grounds (excluding Darden students) have enough challenges on their plate without the temptation to conquer the cold water plunge in their neverending need to live a life of achievement. Thus, those who would enjoy the outdoor pools being open year-round are undoubtedly limited, at least from a swimming perspective, and this Court should not have found that the threshold for citizen enjoyment had been met as a condition for invoking the public trust doctrine. Yes, it could be argued that there are other ways for a pool to be enjoyable besides swimming, and some might cite the fact that Chief Justice Tonseth enjoys hanging out by them as often as he can. However, I believe the onset of cold weather dissuades even individuals like Chief Justice T[10] from such behavior, especially if he is wearing shorts that provide less than adequate heat retention.[11]

         Even if we were to take the petitioner’s argument for enjoyment seriously, Justice Lake’s holding involves an extraordinary application of the common law public trust doctrine as a basis for remanding this case to the lower court to determine whether the Ivy Garden pool was susceptible to navigation in 1788. To get to that conclusion she stretches the doctrine to its utter extreme, disregarding or dismissing its contours to apply it to swimming pools. I think Kayne West was in there somewhere? Justice Lake is clearly myopically interpreting the common law to attain a certain legal result in the instant case, and while other judges have used this approach to arrive at much lauded opinions that get put into casebooks for future law students to read and scratch their heads over, in this case I believe she goes too far and would set a dangerous precedent on this usually consistent, rational, and objective Court.

         Finally, Justice Lake writes that the “cowardly dissenter in this case may point out Ivy Gardens is a privately owned development and not a state agency.” I thought it important to break down my dissent to this portion of her opinion into two parts. Firstly, I assume that I am the so-called “cowardly dissenter” to whom she is referring. After having a clerk research the test for this designation, I cannot deny her finding that I am indeed a dissenter by virtue of writing a dissent. However, after examining the test for a designation “cowardly,” I found no legally cognizable doctrine under which I could be placed under this definition, unless Justice Lake actually meant cowardly to mean courageous.[12] An alternate theory is that the inclusion of “cowardly” was an attempt at ad hominem[13] to deter me from addressing this part of her opinion, or to prejudice others against my dissent. If so, this was a nice try by Justice Lake. However, after I spent some time repeating an age-old adage to myself regarding sticks and stones, I decided that a Justice of the Court of Petty Appeals has a duty to apply the law based on sound precedent no matter the attacks levelled against them, even by their respected peers. So, under multiple theories this “cowardly dissenter” designation clearly holds no material weight beyond recognition that I am a dissenter. Instead, to address the second part of Justice Lake’s statement regarding the appropriate designation of Ivy Gardens, I will channel the tenacity of a Justice Clarence Thomas dissent and firmly object to attempts to erode property rights by this Court and all courts! Assuming that the public trust doctrine is appropriately applied, Justice Lake’s assertion that Ivy Garden has become “public entity adjacent” by virtue of UVA’s purchase, and therefore subject to a taking by the public for the purpose of year-round operation, is what I would call a “communist takeover adjacent” legal innovation. While creating such a property designation and using it for a taking might fly in the People’s Republic of China, North Korea, or Cuba, sadly for Justice Lake, this is America! I thus respectfully dissent.


[1] Law Weekly v. CoPA Copiers, 369 U.Va 96 (2019) (“We do what we want.”).

[2] The risk of irreparable psychic damage is too high for us to agree to such a substitution.

[3] See L. Szeptycki, WB302E if you need more details.

[4] Kanye West, Jesus Walks, The College Dropout (2004)

[5] This court holds antitrust litigation close to its heart.

[6] Probably included in secret lemon juice code on the back.

[7] Martin v. Waddell’s Lessee, 41 U.S. 367 (1842)

[8] Illinois Central Railroad v. Illinois, 146 U.S. 387 (1892)

[9] https://theconversation.com/diving-into-cold-water-can-be-deadly-heres-how-to-survive-it-119341

[10] EIC

[11] See Knee Length or Just Above the Knee Length Shorts v. Short Shorts, Law Weekly (Sept. 29, 2021).

[12] See Courage the Cowardly Dog v. Cartoon Network, 21 U.Va 64 (2009). (describing how a dog labelled as cowardly was actually courageous).

[13] No opinion is complete without some Latin

Seven Wonders of the Law School: Clark Hall


Monica Sandu ‘24
Staff Editor

At the intersection of Brown and Hunton Andrews Kurth Halls lies a hidden gem of the law school. The Clark Hall Murals aren’t hard to miss, but they can be criminally easy to overlook. 

Though currently the home of UVA’s Department of Environmental Sciences, Clark Hall was originally constructed in 1932 to house the Law School.[1] The murals we see today are reproductions of the 1934 originals created for Clark Hall by famed American muralist Allyn Cox.[2] Clark Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and its Memorial Library—home of the original murals—is “one of the Commonwealth’s most significant 20th-century architectural interiors.”

As described by the NRHP: “[T]he three large panels in color depict a passage from the 18th book of the Iliad. . .The primitive trial over the blood-price of a slain man. . .Opposite, on the east wall [in three panels], is Moses delivering the Tablets of the Law to the Children of Israel.” In short, the murals represent scenes in the development of civil and moral law, respectively. 

I see these murals as the descendants of Baroque art, and in particular, French Academy history painting. The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture[3] held near-complete control over artistic production in the pre-Revolutionary regime. History paintings, the most prestigious genre, were massive works often containing dozens of figures arranged across a flat and highly organized visual plane, depicting scenes from either religion or antiquity. Foremost among these académiciens was Nicolas Poussin, who founded the school of French classicism, with strong figure drawing, use of distinct primary colors, and highly-ordered horizontal organization of figures across a canvas in relation to a central action.

The Poussiniste influence is reflected by the central positioning of both Moses and Achilles in the Clark Hall Murals, as well as the subject matter itself. Furthermore, the figures’ nudity—doubtless among the first things many people notice—arises from this same tradition. The focus on the solidity of the underdrawings emphasized the physical expression of emotion via the human body itself.[4] Furthermore, history paintings, like the murals we see, almost always depict a snapshot in time, where the audience are onlookers into a moment interrupted, yet with subjects unbothered by our presence.

Overall, the Clark Hall Murals, both in their original form and in the homage that we find within the Law School today, are definitely worth checking out. Spend some time tracing the behavior of the characters, make order out of the cacophony of bodies and color, and appreciate a small slice of UVA’s long artistic—and legal—tradition. 

---

ms7mn@virginia.edu


[1] Where the Law School would remain until 1974, when it moved to North Grounds.

[2] There’s a short biography of Allyn Cox next to the murals themselves; I’d suggest checking it out if you’re interested.

[3] Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.

[4] As opposed to facial expressions and softer colors found in the work of artists like Peter Paul Rubens and the later Baroque and Rococo movements.

Hot Bench: Eveling Clark


Eveling Clark

Interviewed by Phil Tonseth ‘22

Hi Eveling, welcome to the Hot Bench! I know students see you around the school and bookstore a lot, but I’m excited for them to get to know you more.

First off, where are you from? 

I was born in Mexico City, Mexico, but my dad was in the U.S. Army and Navy, and we traveled and moved around a lot.  By the fifth grade, I was already in my eighth different school, and I had been to 47 of 50 states.  We eventually moved to southern Indiana, where my dad was from, and my dad built his dream underground house on my great grandparents land.

 

You worked at Harvard before coming to UVA. Can you tell me about that experience, and why you decided to make the move back here?

I was a buyer for the museum bookstore, and it was an amazing experience.  I met a lot of famous people, and would go to the different museums on campus on my lunch break. I left Harvard after my dad died, as I wanted to be closer to my mom.

 

UVA gives its employees the ability to take paid days off to volunteer. Why do you take advantage of these and how do you use those days? 

My mom and dad were Park Rangers at Shenandoah National Park (SNP) for 20 plus years.  I have always volunteered at SNP, even before I came to UVA. It was instilled in me to always give back. I have seen so many budget cuts over the years, and saw the effects on my parents being given a heavier workload.  I would go to work with them on my vacation and saw the effects firsthand.

 

We’ve chatted a lot about golf in our interactions. What’s your favorite thing about the sport, and what other hobbies do you have outside of work?

My husband plays, and I am just a beginner.  I have not even been on a golf course yet, but I enjoy watching it and going to the driving range and hitting the ball as hard as I can.  I also enjoy hiking, museums, plays, opera, symphony music, and historical sites.

 

In seeing classes shuffle through UVA Law frequently, you’ve seen your fair share of things. What would be your best piece of advice to give to students?

Trust your gut, as you know more than you know.  Listen and ask questions when needed, and help when someone is needing help.

 

Let’s do a lightning round! 

 

Favorite food? 

Pizza—as every Saturday was family game night, and we had pizza. 

 

Favorite place in Charlottesville? 

Mr. Jefferson’s home, Monticello

 

Peanut butter, jelly, or both? 

Both

 

Biggest Pet peeve? 

Rude people

 

If you could live anywhere, where would it be? 

La Jolla, California.

 

If you won the lottery, what would you do with it? 

I would pay off my bills, quit working, get a new car, and build my dream house with a heated multi-car garage with a drain so I can wash the car. I would also build a house for my brother and his family next door, and donate money to help cats and dogs find homes.

 

If you could pick one song to play in the background of your life, what would it be? 

Conviction of The Heart by Kenny Loggins

 

What is your least favorite sound? 

Bus brakes screeching as they stop outside my place all the time.

 

Where’s a place you’ve never been, but would like to go? 

Covadonga, Spain.  My ancestor was the first Christian king of Spain in 717-737 A.D., Don Pelayo. He helped defeat the Moors, and built a church at the site of the Battle of Covadonga.  He is buried close to the church in the mountains where the terrain helped him win the battle.

 

If you could make one rule that everyone had to follow, what would it be? 

Everyone should be nice to others, as people are going through a lot that others don’t know about.

Court of Petty Appeals: The Bois v. Cuffing Szn


The Bois v. Cuffing Szn
74 U.Va 11 (2021)


Tonseth, J. delivered the opinion of the Court.


Background

            Let me set the scene. It’s Friday night and you’re out with the bois (or girlz) at Bar Review. You’re feeling your outfit, your hair is perfectly coiffed, and you smell good. Your chakras are aligned. You introduce yourself to the cutie at Bilt, strike up a conversation, and enjoy the night. Fast forward to the next day. Fresh off of a hangover, you grab lunch with your crew, chat about your evening, and plan out your debauchery for the ensuing day. This is a rinse and repeat for the next few weeks, beginning in August until this week. Then, enter cuffing szn.[1]

 

Issue

            The complaint today comes from a crew of gents, eager to enjoy their ultimate year of debauchery with their friends before entering the real world, minus one boi. This said boi, eager to repeat the success of his early Bar Review encounters, has become detached from his wolf pack. Knowing that cuffing szn was right around the corner,[2] the detached boi wanted to ensure he could continue his successful escapades into the cold months when midriffs and short shorts[3] would become a mere distant memory. Therefore, he returned to his old haunt and became what his crew called a “simp”. While simp-ing[4] is a generally acceptable lifestyle, Petitioners here assert that they have been irreparably harmed by cuffing szn forcing their now detached friend to only spend time with his newfound love interest, to the detriment of their debauchery.


Analysis

            As cuffing szn is an ethereal concept, this Court has recognized the respondent in this case as the detached boi, serving as the intermediary and cuffing szn’s representative. However, the detached boi was unable to arrive timely to oral arguments, as his newfound love interest “really needed that Bodos to get through PR.” Strike one. If you’ve ever listened to a friend gush over their new love interest, you know it gets real mushy and normally lacks any coherency on why they actually like the person. Common phrases such as “they’re so funny,” “we always make eye contact across the room,” and “she even saved the last bag of gummies from the Snack Office for me” were all woven into the detached boi’s defense of his recent absence. This added nothing to his case, typical for a law student trying to explain away a bad answer on an exam. Strike two came about when the detached boi asked to admit a late amicus brief to the docket, written by none other than his boo-thang. The copious amount of time they spend together are efforts to “soften his rough edges,” “reduce his dependence on Bud Light and his Juul,” and “help him focus on studying instead of golfing.” This Court rightfully rejected any attempt to have this amicus admitted, but its damage had been done. Alternatively, the detached boi requested a motion to strike the amicus from the record, knowing how poisonous its contents had been. However, as the Court and I don’t really understand the “fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine yet, and one can’t unhear things, strike two.

            At this point in the opinion, you may be wondering when any actual legal analysis is going to be presented. But here, just as in any opinion written by Justice Breyer, the expectation that there will be any logical analysis in my opinion is “so absurd that it to my knowledge has never been contemplated.”[5] Well, the final strike in this case comes down solely to the detached boi’s being. Ever since Fall Break, the detached boi has resembled Casper.[6] Nary a call, a text, nor a simple wave in the hall. What used to be a blossoming bromance amongst the bois is now a sad time, as detached boi is only seen when wandering the halls, waiting until his love interest is out of class. Three strikes and you’re out cuffing szn.[7]

 

Conclusion

            The Court urges the detached boi to reconsider his choices. Everyone loves love, but don’t forget your “ride or dies” in the process. We miss ya bud, we’ll be waiting on the first tee for when you decide to come back to the pack.

 

Stephens, J., dissenting.


The Court of Petty Appeals serves a grand, even essential, purpose in the University of Virginia School of Law, declaring judgments, acting as final arbiter for the people, and ensuring that justice is served. As such, it has one of the most restrictive dockets in the world, deciding around two dozen cases a year. Due to this limited docket space, it is imperative that issues relevant to the larger student body be considered, and not act as a mere intervenor in private disputes. Due to this, I dissent from the majority opinion in this case.

Frankly, I do not understand how the Chief Justice garnered sufficient votes to grant certiorari, much less a majority opinion. Having read the briefs and the opinion, I still do not understand what this case is about. The language of the majority makes less sense than James Joyce’s Odyssey, and reminds me of nothing more than an Alzheimer’s test image. As such, I maintain that it should be dismissed with prejudice and all parties should be found in contempt of court. Additionally, under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 11 (c )(3) I would order both parties and their attorneys to show cause that they did not violate Rule 11(b), specifically (b)(2), that their arguments are “warranted by existing law by a nonfrivolous argument.”

 

Kulkarni, S., concurring.

 

In a rare event, the Chief Justice and I are in agreement. Cuffing szn is a pox on the houses of all groups of bois and girlz that must be derided when it appears. Disappearing from group events because “I am going over to their house” or “we have a dinner date” or “he’s making me vegan pancakes” should be no excuse to abandon the people who should mean most: your crew. But I write specifically to remind our colleague Associate Justice Stephens that here on the Court of Petty Appeals, we are governed by the most important rule: “We do what we want.”[8] If the Court as a whole wished to discuss this important issue then we will. We are not, as Justice Stephens, asserts, some grand forum. We are, by our very nature, petty.


[1] For the uneducated amongst us, I point you to UrbanDictionary: “During the Fall and Winter months people who would normally rather be single or promiscuous find themselves along with the rest of the world desiring to be "Cuffed" or tied down by a serious relationship. The cold weather and prolonged indoor activity causes singles to become lonely and desperate to be cuffed.” https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Cuffing%20Season

[2] Not “The Corner.” The only cuffing there is by University Police, if Tim Longo could ever actually provide any identifying information in his crime alerts.

[3] Including his—equal opportunity here.

[4] If you don’t know what this really means, enter UrbanDictionary again: “A man who puts the hoes before the bros.”

[5] Minnesota v. Carter, 525 U.S. 83 (1998), Scalia J., concurring.

[6] Yes, this is a direct reference to ghosting. For the last time, UrbanDictionary has my back: “The act of suddenly ceasing all communication with someone the subject is dating, but no longer wishes to date (here, be friends with). This is done in hopes that the ghostee will just ‘get the hint’ and leave the subject alone, as opposed to the subject simply telling them he/she is no longer interested. Ghosting is not specific to a certain gender and is closely related to the subject's maturity and communication skills.

[7] Obligatory baseball reference, go Braves!

[8] Law Weekly v. CoPA Copiers, 369 U.Va 96 (2019).

Counsel's Counsel: Nov. 3, 2021


A new column, for the hopelessley confused LawHoo. Join us for answers to the big questions on love, life, and the law.

Question:

I’m a 2L, and my boyfriend (who also is a UVA Law student) broke up with me last week. The short story is that he said he wants to stay friends but that he has severe trust issues that stop us from getting more serious. I am confused, and it hurts to not be trusted. Of course, the emotional situation is tough, but I’m really concerned about school. We sit right next to each other in a class that is completely packed and has a seating chart. Before the breakup, I helped him a lot with this class because he struggles with the material—stuff like giving him case notes and leading study sessions. I felt awkward about sitting next to him, so I skipped the past few classes. Obviously this solution is unsustainable, but I don’t know what to do. Any advice is appreciated!

 

Sincerely,

Anonymous

 

Answer:

Thanks for writing in! This sounds like a tough situation, and I’m sorry that you’re experiencing discomfort because of it.

First of all, your ex’s reason behind the breakup is flawed. It isn’t a red flag to be distrustful; it’s a red flag to think that it’s a problem.

Law exists to protect people from each other and from themselves. Law rests on the assumption that people categorically can’t be trusted to be decent on their own. Lawyers are warriors of distrust. For example, transactional lawyers create agreements to cover every conceivable contingency because their clients do not fully trust their business partners. Litigators validate that distrust by finding ways for their clients to avoid upholding their end of the bargain.

The limits of human dishonesty cannot be contained by language. I would caution against criticizing his lack of trust, as it is prudent and fuels our profession. Rather, I would criticize his response to it.

In terms of a solution, you should communicate strength and assert dominance. In The Art of War, Sun Tzu writes “If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.” Luckily, you know yourself and your ex. He broke up with you, so he may think he won the relationship, but you can win the aftermath.

Skipping class was a good first move. Now, he probably realizes how much work you put into writing briefs and helping him study. He probably sees that he relied on you too much. Without you, he is worse off in a tangible way. But you can’t skip class forever.

Once you’re back in class, stay in your seat. It’s okay to feel awkward around an ex with whom you have a close professional proximity, but he can’t know that. One thing that communicates confidence is competition. Here, the solution is quite simple. Manila folders have long served as the tried and true anti-cheating technology in grade schools around the globe. Bring a manila folder to class and set it up between you two to block your notes.

The purpose of this approach is not actually to obscure his view. He has been relying on you for this class, so you know he isn’t a threat. The purpose is to make your absence—which he chose by breaking up with you—register on an emotional level.

The manila folder is a clear symbol that you (1) are over him, (2) will not be his on-demand wellspring of academic success, and (3) are a competitive force to be reckoned with. If you can stand up the folder in a precarious way, that would help. That way, if he accidentally knocks it over, he will feel that he encroached onto your territory.

You can forgive his lack of trust, but never forget how it made you feel. Hold onto that feeling, and let it fuel your studies. Best of luck!

Hot Bench: Rachel Dalton '23


Rachel Dalton ‘23

Interviewed by Dana Lake ‘23

Where are you from? 

I was born and raised in Columbus, OH. A Midwestern gal through and through. 

When did you start thinking about law school? Was there a single moment that made up your mind, or was it a long-term thing?

I started thinking about law school during my time teaching. I taught English as a Second Language in Columbus for four years before Law School. I was especially interested in the legal issues my students faced—special education rights, immigration rights, and equity for children of color and low-income students. I interned with an education law attorney in Columbus during one summer and that sealed the deal for me. 

What’s something you know now that you would tell yourself coming into Law School? 

I think I would tell myself that Law School is difficult not only because of the intense school work, but because of the identity shift and the imposter syndrome. Then, I would tell myself that everyone I've ever asked ALSO has imposter syndrome, and that it’s going to all be ok. 

What is your favorite organization you’ve been involved with? Any stories you can share?

The First Generation Professionals group. I had a pretty rough transition back into school, moving away from home for the first time ever, and feeling like no one here had a background like me. Learning that other students had lower-middle class backgrounds and non-legal families was a game changer. 

What kind of impact do you hope to have as a lawyer? 

I want to use my place in the law to expand equal justice for all. The law is a tool that can exclude or include voices at the table, and I want my career to continue expanding who is included. 

 

I hear you make some really specific study playlists. What’s your favorite one so far?

OMG, I love my study playlists. I make one for each class based on what I think my professor would like and listen to it as I outline and prep for finals (and during the exam too). I actually still listen to my Foreign Relations playlist. It was a lot of 2000s pop punk bops like Avril Lavigne and The Killers as well as 90s hip-hop. My millennial is showing, I know. 

 

Lightning round questions!

 

Favorite food? 

Anything spicy. Flamin’ Hot Cheetos are a current fave. 

 

Favorite place in Charlottesville? 

Woolen Mills. I love the Wool Factory, the walking trails, and the hybrid coffee/wine shop. I've already planned my end of semester celebration date for the new restaurant Broadcloth, so I'll report back in December with how that goes. 

Anti-Stress Hobby? 

Yoga: the hotter, the better. Also stress baking.  

 

Favorite word? 

Certiorari. No one can spell it or pronounce it and I just love that. 

 

If you could live anywhere, where would it be? 

Boracay Island in the Philippines. The best mangoes and the most beautiful beaches I’ve ever seen! 


What’s one movie that left an impression on you? 

The Lord of the Rings Trilogy. I watch the extended editions every winter with my brother, and yes, The Two Towers is the best one. 

 

If you won the lottery, what would you do with it? 

Pay off my Law School loans, buy a house with a yard for my pup, Jax, and buy a wine fridge. I’d also buy lifetime supplies of my favorite curly hair products; that stuff is expensive. And take Weekend Thursdays on a bar trip. 

 

If you could pick one song to play in the background of your life, what would it be? 

The Jeopardy theme song. Jeopardy slaps, I watch it most nights with the hubs, and I feel like it’s just a classic. 

 

What is your least favorite sound?

Any kind of rattling when I’m driving. 

 

What’s your spirit animal? 

Well, my Patronus is a dolphin. So maybe that? 

 

Where’s a place you’ve never been, but would like to go? 

Literally all of South America. Patagonia and Buenos Aires specifically. 

 

If you could make one rule that everyone had to follow, what would it be?

You can ask a maximum of two (2) questions per class session and an absolute ban on personal hypotheticals. 

Student Dicta: A Brief Introduction to Unoriginal Textualism


Jacob Smith ‘23
Professor Liaison Editor

Dicta features overviews of, musings about, and recent developments in Law School professors’ scholarship, as well as their views about current events and happenings in the law. Professors interested in submitting or being featured in a piece are invited to contact the Professor Liaison Editor, Jacob Smith (js3hp@virginia.edu).

 

What is “unoriginal textualism”? Exactly what it sounds like. Instead of looking to the past, Professor Frederick Shauer thinks that we should look to what the Constitution’s text means now in interpreting it.[1]

            It is worth starting with how “unoriginal” or “contemporary meaning” textualism differs from originalism. Originalists are generally textualists who think that the language, the text, of the Constitution should constrain governmental actors. Unoriginal textualism agrees with that premise. But originalists also believe that the meaning of the Constitution’s text was fixed at the time of ratification: the words mean now what they meant “originally.” Professor Schauer’s insight is that one can be a textualist who views the constitutional text as authoritative and constraining without accepting fixation, without looking to the text’s past meaning to understand the text.

            At first glance, this proposal might seem baffling. What do you gain by swapping out the eighteenth-century (or nineteenth-century) meaning of a word for its twenty-first-century meaning? One might think that judicial wisdom accrues over time, resulting in the evolution of a better, higher form of our Constitution under a common-law constitutionalist approach. But no one directs the evolution of the English language. Why entrust the meaning of the Constitution to a rather random process?

            But, as it turns out, Professor Schauer’s paper operates under the assumption that in “most cases,” the difference between original and modern meaning “will turn out to be inconsequential.” Even when the modern meaning of the text turns out to be vague or underdetermined, it will be because the original meaning of the text was also vague or underdetermined. Unoriginal textualism is not a movement aimed at changing the substantive meaning of, say, the Second Amendment.

            Instead, the thrust is methodological: lawyers, judges, and public officials forced to grapple with the constitutional text can rely on their own impressions of how the English language works. They can look at a modern dictionary instead of an eighteenth-century dictionary. Busy lawyers will find the Constitution more accessible because they do not need to treat it as an ancient text written in a different tongue. There will be no need for judges to become “amateur historians.”

            Making the Constitution more accessible is important to the constitutional purpose of constraining government officials. We want government officials to obey the Constitution and accept its constraints, even when judges are not yet looking over their shoulders. Now, in practice, government officials generally do follow the Constitution when its text is straightforward and easy to understand. For example, presidents do not run for third terms and defy the judiciary to remove them from office.

            Unfortunately, much of our Constitution is not straightforward, but vague. Therefore, it is less effective at directly constraining government officials. Congress has passed laws directly conflicting with Supreme Court precedent interpreting less lucid Constitutional language. One example is the Flag Protection Act, which was passed just weeks after Texas v. Johnson (which found flag-burning to be protected speech) and was predictably struck down within a year. When I asked Professor Schauer why officials would do such a thing, he explained it as a logical calculation: voters care much more about short term political goals than long-term fealty to the constitution. No politician will lose votes for passing popular legislation that later turns out to be unconstitutional.

            Of course, it’s too late to rewrite the Constitution to make it clearer. But how we interpret the Constitution today can make its meaning more or less accessible. When the Supreme Court considers an issue, it can hand down clear decisions to better constrain and guide government officials. But when a constitutional issue has not been adjudicated, the government officials and their lawyers will have to interpret the Constitution for themselves. At that point, a method of constitutional interpretation that is “actually usable,” that allows us to rely on our knowledge of contemporary English, will make the Constitution’s meaning more accessible, more straightforward, and more constraining.

            Whether you think contemporary meaning textualism is a good idea or a bad one, you can certainly learn a lot from Professor Schauer’s paper. Perhaps the biggest takeaway for me was simply how important it is that law constrains, even when no one bothers to bring a lawsuit. Rules do most of their work without a judge ever getting involved: for every traffic ticket there are thousands of maneuvers, lawful and unlawful, the police never see. That important function is worth considering when thinking of how judges should judge and lawmakers legislate.

            And it is worth remembering that law school is hard for a reason. Even lawyers often find it difficult to figure out what the law is, especially in the context of constitutional law. Government officials (and other non-lawyers) desperately need lawyerly aid both to understand what the law requires and why it is important to comply. That’s an important responsibility--even if it doesn’t require becoming an amateur historian.

---

js3hp@virginia.edu


[1] Professor Schauer argues for this position in his paper, Unoriginal Textualism, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3911956 and forthcoming in the George Washington Law Review.

Court of Petty Appeals: UVA Law Student Body v. Chief Justice Tonseth


UVA Law Student Body v. Chief Justice Tonseth
74 U.Va 10 (2021)


Morse, J. delivered the opinion of the Court.


It is with a heavy heart that we consider the case before us today. This Court is charged with upholding justice, and today we are faced with a dire threat to this mission arising from the pinnacle of our Court: the Chief Justice himself. The Plaintiffs, every single student at the University of Virginia School of Law, have brought a class-action lawsuit against Chief Justice Phil Tonseth for fraudulent misrepresentation and are seeking i) mandatory hard labor and cultural reeducation training, to be carried out in the Darden basement;[1] ii) an injunction preventing any writing by Chief Justice Tonseth until such reeducation is complete; and iii) compensatory damages in the form of a ceremonial quilt made of all of Chief Justice Tonseth’s crop-tops, short-shorts, and ¼ sleeve hoodies. The District Court of Petty Appeals, calling this “a no-brainer,” granted a directed verdict for Plaintiffs. The Circuit Court of Petty Appeals reversed, in an opinion whose footnotes appear to be a code indicating that Chief Justice Tonseth was physically hovering over the judge while repeatedly whispering “MY Thunderdome.”[2] In response to this miscarriage of justice and the Circuit Judge’s desperate plea for help, we reverse the Circuit Court’s erroneous decision and order the defendant to report to the Darden basement immediately.

            The Plaintiffs’ complaint alleges that Chief Justice Tonseth “made multiple, aggressively confident representations that he possessed a sufficient amount of cultural knowledge such that he was qualified to write in and run the Virginia Law Weekly.” The evidence the Plaintiffs offered to support this claim is Chief Justice Tonseth’s recent misidentification of Dennis Villeneuve’s Dune, as “just another Marvel movie.” But what say you, astute and skeptical reader – couldn’t this have been a slip of the tongue? And even if it wasn’t a mistake, is it really indicative of the Chief Justice’s hilarious, woeful, and glaringly deficient grasp of the cultural zeitgeist? First, yes.[3] Second, as Watergate showed us, small mistakes can begin investigations which lead you down a path revealing hitherto unheard-of levels of corruption and vice.

            While I could spend buckets of ink detailing all the unnerving similarities between President Nixon and Chief Justice Tonseth, that’s not why we’re here today. The sad, simple fact is that if Chief Justice Tonseth had only insulted Dune, Plaintiffs wouldn’t have a leg to stand on. But the Chief Justice’s long history of cultural calumny, seemingly without end, can broadly be organized into three categories of offenses. The first category consists of all the movies that the Chief Justice has identified as a “superpeople, Marvel movie,” including Star Wars, The Titanic, Call Me by Your Name, Mad Max, and The Pianist. The second category is the Chief Justice’s refusal to read any news source that is not Barstool Sports or Buzzfeed.[4] The third and final category is what you could call, boomer-lite references. This category is where I admittedly find myself somewhat sympathetic to the Chief Justice’s position, as I am myself, like the Chief Justice, nearly 30 years old and have a penchant for references to terrible 80’s action movies and 90’s MTV series.[5]

            We concur with the Trial Court’s determination that the preponderance of evidence standard was met by the above evidence, and now move to explore the broader motivations and implications of this decision. Leaving aside the difficulties of being a newspaper editor when you’re the young-body-old-mind Benjamin Button, adrift in a world you no longer recognize or relate to, there is the added weight of the responsibility that the Law Weekly and this Court have in upholding the law of UVA. The law is the expression and operationalization of society’s norms. A society’s norms are grounded in its culture. If the Chief Justice willfully does not inhabit the same culture, how can he possibly rule on matters of importance to the Law School? Indeed, how has he managed to do so to this point?[6]

            This brings us to the first of two conclusions: that this Court does its best to bring the Chief Justice’s reign of terror to an end and admit our own complicity. To paraphrase Succession[7] how much those of us who executed the Chief Justice’s wishes is for another day, but I think this is the day his reign ends.

            The second, and more important of the two impacts of today is that this Court finally, inexorably, and triumphantly overturns its long-standing precedent handed down in the Court’s decision in 1L Gunners v. Everyone Else 939 U. Va. 111 (2019) that 1L’s lose.[8] Given that 1/3 of the plaintiffs in this case are 1Ls we cannot possibly rule in their favor without abandoning this precedent. While the need to do justice in the immediate case provides overwhelming support for this decision, the truth is that my disdain for stare decisis outside of decisions which I signed onto and my own self-interest as a 1L, is the driving force here. Let the reign of the 1Ls commence![9]

 

It is so ordered.

 

Reyna, J., concurring.

 

I join my colleague, Justice Morse, in full on this important cultural matter. However, I must issue this concurrence to admonish most of the UVA Law public at large in addition to Chief Justice Tonseth specifically.

            Mr. Chief Justice, I’m not disappointed, I’m just mad. Where should I even begin: should it be at your comically inadequate knowledge on what even is or isn’t a superhero movie, or at your general ambivalence towards putting in the effort to watch Star Wars? I consider both infractions to be categorically determinative of perpetual guilt from henceforth.

            Now I must speak to the UVA Law general student body. While it is true most of you are incredibly busy with your heavy course load and light social lives, I know for a fact that all of you binged Squid Game in one night but still have yet to see iconic, generation-defining content. While I try to do my small part of dragging as many people as I can to watch films like Dune and, Shang-Chi, and forcing people to watch Revenge of the Sith until they admit it’s the best Star Wars film, I am but one person who can only do so much. If you’re looking for an escape from Law School, and I know you are, I am officially mandating that everyone, if they want to, voluntarily go appreciate the one-of-a-kind experience of watching a great movie for the first time.

 

Kulkarni, J., concurring.

 

I don’t need to see any of the other opinions to write my own. Is the Chief Justice missing key portions of cultural knowledge? Yes. Is it incredibly biased and inappropriate that he gets to write an opinion? Absolutely. Should he be sued for other reasons as well? No question. This Court exists to hold the school accountable and if we cannot hold our own to the same standard, then we are derelict in our duties. Do better, Mr. Chief Justice, because if given the chance, Justices Birch and Wunderli will join me for the most scathing majority opinion ever.

 

Tonseth, C.J., dissenting.

 

If you come at the king, you best not miss.[10] While this first and foremost will be my catchphrase once I’m cast to be on a Real Housewives show, it equally applies today. All of the Associate Justices who swung and missed today should’ve ensured that they had proper standing before they started, as they definitely got caught slipping.

            I don’t even need to bother myself with reading their “opinions.” They’ll probably attempt to dismiss my trope about standing by quoting Professor Re’s “standing shcmanding” philosophy, or arguing that as the benevolent dictator of Big Brother, I allowed this case to proceed in the first place. To that, they are correct. You don’t simply refuse to play a game against a toddler, knowing you’ll ultimately win in the end. They need to have some hope, some belief that they have a chance.[11]

            Even as I’ve let this case proceed, and even though there is no standing to sue an individual, let alone me, the benevolent overlord, the reason for this suit is as preposterous as thinking student leaders can change national level policies of their parent organizations.[12] Because I don’t dedicate my time to staring at a screen and watching people in tights perform magical acts, I’m in the wrong? Color me jaded, but I’d rather focus on, idk, being outside, sipping some red wine and catching a sunset, or watching Love Island while I cuddle with cats. For this purpose, I concur with the dissent of Justices Bninski and Lake, as there’s so many other good reasons to throw shade my way. Forewarning, I have made Pit Vipers a new part of my brand, so better make sure your shade is good enough to get through.

            The final attempt by the pluralities here to discredit my untarnishable name is to claim I, as Chief Justice of this esteemed Court, should recuse myself from a case about myself. That’s absolute hogwash. The first Petty Rule of Civil Procedure is “We do what we want.”[13] As I convened this Court, was democratically elected to my post, and have nobody to stop me, this need to recuse myself falls short of anything that could be deemed coherent.

            Do better, plurality, you got into UVA Law for a reason. The pedantic arguments you make today are soiling that decision by the Administration.

 

Bninski, J., and Lake, J., dissenting.

 

There are so many other reasons to sue the Chief Justice.[14] Have you met him? Lack of Marvel knowledge is the least of his crimes.

 

J. Wunderli, dissenting. 

 

I’m not surprised Chief Justice Tonseth doesn’t know the difference between Marvel and Pixar; he is probably paying much more attention to the lady next to him on the couch than any movie. I would’ve sued him for calling full-grown adults “kiddos,” or wearing Pit Vipers and crop-tops to softball, and for that reason I respectfully dissent. Additionally, J. Morse insinuating that 1Ls have actual rights makes the Chief Justices of old roll in their graves. Back in my day, 1Ls were not allowed to even write COPAs, let alone unilaterally grant themselves rights. You will learn one day, young padawan.

---

cpg9jy@virginia.edu
agr5ag@virginia.edu
omk6cg@virginia.edu
pjt5hm@virginia.edu
amb6ag@virginia.edu
dl9uh@virginia.edu
nw7cz@virginia.edu


[1] AKA “The North Korea of North Grounds”

[2]https://www.lawweekly.org/front-page/2021/3/3/welcome-to-the-thunderdome-chief-justice-phil-tonseth-takes-the-gavel

[3] And if you don’t watch it, there is pleeeennttyy of room in the basement of Darden for you too.

[4] The Chief Justice’s most recent, timely article he shared: https://www.buzzfeed.com/jamiejirak1/which-og-power-ranger-matches-your-personality-3dxnr. My Power Ranger is red.

[5] TRL, Yo! MTV Raps, and Headbangers Ball. Walk a mile in my shoes before passing judgement, my youthful readers.

[6] See Chief Justice Tonseth’s dissent in Students v. Labor, Generally 73 U.Va 4 (2020); the Chief Justice’s opinions in 3LOLs v. Gunners 73 U.Va. 10, 2020 and Entitled Millennials v. Student Affairs 73 U.Va 3 (2020).

[7] Chief Justice Tonseth, Google it. (Chief Justice Tonseth, Google is like an encyclopedia, but on the computer. You’ll love it.)

[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Horse

[9] Chief Justice here. This entire paragraph is just dicta. 1Ls will always lose. Sorry kiddos.

[10] RIP in Power.

[11] Laughing in 3LOL.

[12] This will probably be the only time I openly, however begrudgingly, defend FedSoc. However, students can only do so much.

[13] Law Weekly v. CoPA Copiers, 369 U.Va 96 (2019).

[14] While conceding the existence of abundant reason to sue the Chief Justice, we question whether this Court can, in fact, legitimately exercise authority over the Executive Board of the Law Weekly. This of course has nothing to do with us cherishing the protection of executive privilege.

Hot Bench: Dawn Davison


Dawn Davison

Interviewed by Anna Bninksi ‘23

 

Dawn Davison recently joined the Law School staff as a Director of Public Service, and kindly took the time for a short interrogation by the Law Weekly.

 

Welcome to the Hot Bench, Dawn! To start off, where are you from

I was born in Alabama, and I grew up in New Mexico. I’ve been in Virginia since 2004.

 

What drew you to study law? 

I first became interested in the law when I participated in a mock trial in fifth grade. A classmate’s father was an attorney for the ACLU and he orchestrated the whole thing. I was selected to be one of the attorneys. At that point, I gave up on my plan to become an astronaut and never looked back!

 

Before coming here to UVA, you worked at the Virginia Capital Representation Resource Center (VCRRC), a nonprofit that focuses on death penalty cases. What was that work like? How did it feel to see Virginia abolish the death penalty earlier this year? 

When I was hired by VCRRC, I felt like I won the lottery. I had decided I wanted to do death penalty work while I was in law school, and I was thrilled to line up that job after my clerkship. Capital work combines two of the things I love most about the law—intricate legal problems and one-on-one work with clients. It taxes your intellectual abilities and your social abilities. When Virginia abolished the death penalty, it also commuted the death sentences of the two people remaining on death row. Both men were my clients, so when the bill passed I felt a tremendous sense of relief and lightness. We had worked their cases hard enough to keep them alive long enough to benefit from the legislation.  

 

It's quite a leap from capital representation to working here at the Law School! What are you excited for in your new position? And what are your wildest hopes and dreams for working with students aiming for public service careers? 

I am so excited to be working with law students at the beginning of their careers. I enjoyed my time with interns in my last office—talking to them about their plans for the future, listening to them process what they had learned in our office, and hearing from them after they graduated. This job will allow me to continue those conversations on a much larger scale. For those students working toward careers in public service, my hopes are that they leave UVA Law elated by the prospect of starting their dream jobs and reasonably confident in their abilities to do good work (overconfidence is a curse!). Although, my wildest dream would be to send out a graduating class comprised only of public service attorneys and private attorneys with robust plans for pro bono work!

 

On to some lighter questions. What's the worst advice you ever heard about law school or getting a legal job? 

Before law school, I worked as a legal assistant at a law firm. One of the attorneys suggested I read One L before I started law school. Truly terrible advice.

 

How about the best advice? 

My criminal procedure professor told my class, “You may not always be the smartest person in the room, but you can always be the most prepared person in the room.” He meant courtroom, but I think it’s sound advice for any room.

 

Do you have any pets?

I have two rescue pets—a Schnoodle named Joy and a cat named Charlie.

 

Since the VCRRC is also in Charlottesville, were you already based here, and if so, for how long? What do you think law students should be sure to do before graduating and leaving?

I’ve lived in Charlottesville for more than thirteen years. Before law students graduate and leave, they should eat pizza at Dr. Ho’s, go for a hayride at Albemarle Ciderworks during the Apple Harvest Festival, and get a gelato at Splendora’s.

 

If you weren't a lawyer, what would you like to do? 

I would love to narrate audiobooks!

 

Lightning round! 

What's your favorite movie? 

Legally Blonde

Dessert? 

Peanut butter cheesecake

Charlottesville lunch spot?

Milan Indian Cuisine

Pet peeve? 

The use of unnecessary quotation marks and capital letters

Relaxing activity? 

Spending time with my friends and family

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ddavison@law.virginia.edu

Court of Petty Appeals: UVA Law v. Barracks Road Chipotle


UVA Law v. Barracks Road Chipotle
74 U.Va 9 (2021)

 

J. Wunderli delivered the opinion of the Court.


It is with a heavy heart that this Court once again has to defend the right of citizens of UVA Law to a decent meal. In the past, this Court has dealt with a myriad of issues, ranging from the cafeteria to the free food table. In many respects, these issues have been rather mundane and predictable. Occasionally, a change in snack options will draw the ire of the Court. (See e.g., Students v. Small Bag of Goldfish). In other instances, a free food table thief will be brought to our attention and swiftly apprehended (See Students v. 1L Cookie Monster). The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a catastrophic shortage of free food that has threatened the very survival of some of the law school’s most prolific mooches.[1]

            The issue before the Court today transcends many of the bounds of prior cases for one reason: Chipotle is not free. Not only do the students of UVA Law have to spend hard-earned federal loan dollars on their burrito bowls, but Chipotle has consistently and egregiously failed to deliver the promised product. While the pandemic provided a convenient excuse for many of the problems the Barracks Road Chipotle has faced, this Court will no longer tolerate this level of negligence over a year and a half after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. The complaints presented to this Court are as follow:

  • Frequent and random closures without prior notice.

  • Extremely long and inconsistent wait times for online orders.

  • In-store dining closures without notice.

  • Failure to stock food items ranging from peppers to black beans, without offering any remedy.

  • Charging money for water when they were out of regular water cups.

  • COVID-19 guidelines that inexplicably change on a seemingly day-to-day basis.

  • General lack of cleanliness and order.

The Complainants have offered compelling and comprehensive evidence backing all of the alleged wrongs. In what has been a largely bipartisan issue, law students from all walks of life have come together to protest, some even venturing to McDonald’s across the street to demonstrate their solidarity. It is common sense that an established chain restaurant must be held to a higher standard than, let’s say, the Dean of Snacks, who has little to gain from catering to all of our idiosyncratic palates. And yet, where the Dean of Snacks consistently delivers, Chipotle does not. Imagine the uproar that occurs when a greedy 1L has to settle for Chex Mix instead of Goldfish? Or when SBA only has one keg at a Spies Garden social? While these actions may constitute ordinary negligence, the actions of the Barracks Road Chipotle rise to the level of gross negligence.

Pictured: Exhibit A. Photo Courtesy of Nate Wunderli '22

            The Respondent argues that if students do not want to go to Chipotle, they have other options and can go somewhere else. Far from offering an apology to students, Chipotle attempts to paint the students as the party at fault for choosing to eat at their restaurant. Just go eat Chick-fil-A, they say. Or eat a McDonald’s $3 bundle, that, as of last week, is now $3.50. Or spend $15 on a burger and fries at Five Guys. This argument has no merit for several reasons. First, students have no way of knowing when the Chipotle is closed. Students might very well choose to eat somewhere else if they knew that Chipotle was closed. But now said student has to walk all the way up to the Chipotle, stare in dismay at the “Store Closed” sign, before plodding back to their car and driving somewhere else. Students also have no way of knowing when the store is out of peppers, beans, or cups until they’ve survived the line and are waiting to order. Some students rely on Chipotle for their daily consumption of vegetables, only to find the vegetables conspicuously missing in action. Respondent also ignores the fact that students often do not have a lot of time, and therefore are confined to the limited options in the Barracks shopping center. If you want something reasonably healthy yet also filling, Chipotle may be the only option.

            As a franchised business, Chipotle owes its customers a certain duty of care. When one enters a franchise, they have certain expectations that arise from reputation and having been to other stores of the same franchise. One of the reasons franchises are able to be so successful is that consistency and familiarity, which in turn breeds loyalty and trust. Through what can only be described as extreme mismanagement or an intentional lack of care, this Chipotle has breached the trust of its most vulnerable customer, debt-ridden UVA Law students, and therefore is liable to the plaintiff students in the form of compensatory and punitive damages, the extent of these damages to be decided by a jury.



Stephens, J. concurring.



I write separately to affirm the Court’s jurisdiction over Chipotle. The majority ignores this essential feature of the brief for the defendant, which spends much of its time insisting that “there must be some mistake” and “this must be some kind of joke.”[2] No, it is not some kind of joke. The Court of Petty Appeals must maintain its dignity and composure, even in light of the insolence of the brief for the defendant. [3]

            The Court of Petty Appeals possesses the power of judicial review for “any and all decisions, conflicts, and disputes that arise involving, either directly, indirectly, or tangentially, the Law School or its Students.”[4] The brief for the defendants argues that it is “not a part of your crazy Law School and you don’t have any authority over us so stop trying to serve us with notice.”[5] While it is true that the Barracks Road Chipotle is, indeed, not part of the esteemed University of Virginia School of Law, it is within the emanations and penumbra of the Tangentiality Clause, which extends to any dispute tangentially involving students of the Law School. Therefore, the Barracks Road Chipotle is within our jurisdiction and subject to our petty whims and rulings. For this and the reasoning adopted by the majority, I respectfully concur. 



Pazhwak J., concurring.



For many Americans, particularly those in the broke and busy student demographic, Chipotle has become a dietary staple. Their longstanding track record of quick service, affordable pricing, tasty food, and quality ingredients has created reliance on the franchise by many across the country to meet their nutritional needs. The Barracks Road Chipotle, and its relationship with UVA Law students, provides an excellent example of this, with students who are primarily nourished on cheese pizza, packages of snacks, and whatever else they can scavenge from clubs, journals, and events, receiving critical infusions of protein and vegetables from their Chipotle bowls. All while these students, at the same time, not being forced to sacrifice inordinate amounts of precious time to get their food, nor unduly increase their crushing debt loads while doing so.

            Based on these established facts, an alternative theory of the case is better applied, namely the principle of promissory estoppel. Complainants argue that they have relied on Chipotle for “fast casual” dining at an affordable price and have now had the proverbial rug pulled out from under them with the substandard performance they have encountered in recent months at the Barracks Road location. It is clear there was no formal consideration between Chipotle and complainants; however promissory estoppel is implicated if Chipotle made a promise that UVA Law students relied on to their detriment. This presents the question of whether such a promise existed. In examining Chipotle’s past behavior in the aggregate, including, but not limited to, stable business hours, availability of ingredients, and adequate staffing, one can find an implied promise that such behavior would exist in the future in a substantially similar manner. Indeed, such a promise is the main reason one would go to Chipotle in the first place, and not to another bowl-based restaurants such as Cava, Roots, or the very similar but just not-quite-there Qdoba. It is clear, based on the facts before this Court, that this promise was not met based on the conditions complainants have been consistently met with in recent months at the Barracks Road location. It is also clear that UVA Law students suffered substantial loss from this broken promise as Justice Wunderli has described. While the case has been decided on a theory of tort law, I add this concurring opinion to show that the nearly limitless power of the doctrine of promissory estoppel, and its ability to throw the principles of contract law out of the proverbial window when a judge so decides, provides the proper legal approach to this case. With it, the Court can correct this gravely petty wrong that has been done to complainants and make them as well off as they would have been if they had guacamole and their order fifteen minutes earlier on a given day or had not been forced to defect to the nearby, and very inviting, Taco Bell drive-thru.



Tonseth, C.J., dissenting.



Straight up, Associate Justice Wunderli is just plain wrong in this case. However, as my boi threw me two touchdown passes in our flag football league this week, I’ll spare roasting his lack of any legal reasoning skills to go on my own personal diatribe. I mean, who reads the dissents anyway?

            First, this dissent serves to put Student Affairs on notice. The past two Fridays, there has not been cookies out for students to enjoy. This cannot stand. We the Court have previously enjoined Student Affairs from revoking Free Cookie Fridays, and I am not afraid to revive Associate Justice Stievater’s opinion. Be warned.

            Second, buy your tickets to Fauxfield. Nobody needs an excuse to Darty, but a Darty that has endless pizza? Sign me up, yesterday. Plus, there will be pumpkins, hay bales, and all of the other cute stuff to make your Insta glow-up for the weekend. If you’re claiming “you have class on Fridays,” remember, the ABA only requires eighty percent attendance. If you’re still worried about skipping class and missing “important information,” hit me up and I’ll get you an outline for the class.

            Third, buy your tickets to PILA and buy cool stuff from their silent auction. Will you ever really need fly fishing lessons in front of the Law School? Absolutely not. Will buying softball lessons from me help you hit the ball into the construction zone? Also no, but my services are for hire for the playoffs to the highest bidder. Will buying things from the auction help your fellow classmates have a livable summer experience while you sit at a kush firm job? 1,000 percent. Buy your ticket, bid on things, dress up pretty, and don’t claim that it’s too close to finals and you need to study. You’re at UVA Law. I’ve made it this far with only going to the library 6 times my entire 3 years. You can skip one Saturday night of studying.

            In conclusion, Associate Justice Wunderli’s analysis is as lacking as his ability to show up to anything on time, his ability to hit an open receiver in flag football, and the current COVID protocols to prevent a bad spread right before fall break. For these reasons, I dissent.

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nw7cz@virginia.edu
cs8ws@virginia.edu
mwp8kk@virginia.edu
pjt5hm@virginia.edu


[1] Ari Anderson ’22, Nate Kresh ’22. Oh yeah, and me.

[2] Brief for Defendant at 2, UVA Law v. Barracks Chipotle, 74 U. Va. 9 (2021)

[3] We have already been lenient with the defendant in even considering their “brief” which took the form of an irate email. It is within our discretion to consider when we will waive our own rules of procedure in the pursuit of justice.

[4] See, the COPA heading that’s literally above every opinion.

[5] Defendant, supra note 1.

Hot Bench: Duncan Morrow '22


Duncan Morrow ‘22

Hi, Duncan! Welcome to the Hot Bench. To start off—where are you from?

I’m originally from just outside of Oakland, California: a town called “Pleasanton,” which is, in retrospect, a hilarious name for a suburb. Right at the end of high school, my parents moved up to Portland, Oregon, so I’ve spent a lot of time up there as well. When I go “home” for the holidays, I’m going to Portland. It’s a really great city; I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest in general.

What are you involved in at UVA Law?

I’m a fellow in the Law and Public Service Program and in the Employment Law Clinic with LAJC (the Legal Aid Justice Center), which I suppose are the big things for me. I’m also in the National Lawyers Guild, and of course, the standard journal stuff (Law and Social Policy!).

What drove you to UVA Law (why law school, and why UVA)?

After college, I worked briefly at a labor union, which I really enjoyed. I worked pretty often with the union’s legal department, working on wage-and-hour enforcement and alongside lawyers who were advising the organizers. It was work I really, really enjoyed, and it kinda convinced me that I’m actually interested in how the law works.

What type of law are you planning to practice after law school?

I’m definitely on the public service track — love not having a job in my 3L year — it doesn’t fill me with a sense of impending doom at all. I’m primarily interested in labor and employment. I would love to do something either on the union side or for the government.

What are your favorite hobbies?

Probably the things I spend the most of my free time doing are either watching movies, thinking about movies, and hiking. My dad is much more outdoorsy than I am, but he used to bring me on overnight backpacking trips, climbing mountains in the Sierra Nevada once or twice a year. I’ve tried to carry that outdoorsy vibe with me since, although I’m not doing anything impressive. I’ve also gotten exceptionally into Microsoft Flight Simulator lately, but no one wants to hear about that. Film is the big thing.

How many movies would you estimate you’ve seen, and what are a couple of your favorites?

During quarantine, I started keeping track of everything I’ve watched, and I pretty easily hit 200 last year alone. I think I may have breached that a few times in undergrad, so you can do the math if you want! As for my favorites, I really love Chungking Express, this weird little love story that functions as a great portrait of Hong Kong in the ’90s. It’s so full of energy and noise and life; I just love it. I also really love High and Low, which is this epic Japanese crime story from the 1960s that was pretty obviously a huge influence on Parasite. And, since it’s spooky season, John Carpenter’s The Thing rules and is the absolute best.

If you didn’t go to law school, what would you want to do instead?

I’d like to think it would be something artistic! Writing, filmmaking, anything like that. Something involving telling stories.

Lightning Round!

Favorite pizza topping?

Mushrooms.

Favorite fruit?

Blackberries.

Favorite Charlottesville restaurant?

Really love Maru; Korean food’s my fav.

What place in the world would you most like to visit?

Hong Kong.

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dkm8m@virginia.edu

Barristers United Match Report: October 3


Jack Brown ‘23
Staff Editor

While most of the Law School was embracing WASP culture at Foxfield this past Sunday, the men and women of Barrister’s United were out there doing battle with the fearsome Tigres squad. Having tied the week before, the Barristers came out with something to prove and ended the day with a hard fought 10-1 win to extend their unbeaten streak to 13 games in a row.

 

A total team effort, the excellence began at the back with the debut of shot stopper Rambert Tyree. A series of acrobatic one-on-one saves helped keep the scoreline manageable and pundits are in agreement that the team has done well finding talent to stand in between the uprights.  While he was denied a clean sheet by a garbage time goal, this was mostly due to a low work rate demonstrated by some of the centerbacks.

 

The biggest story of this game were the four introductions to the outfield, all of whom scored. Aziz Rashidzada made the most of his outfield start, bagging a brace and hitting the upright as he was agonizingly close to starting his season off with a hat-trick. There were no signs of rust on the veteran as he helped the team pressure the Tigres’ back line and commanded attention every time he came forward with the ball.

 

In the midfield, Barristers United received a lot of help from the LLM program thanks to the massive contributions of Jose Beliz, Jose Miguel Poblete, and Jose Antonio Onandia Osores. All three scored and provided constant pressure in the midfield, along with opening up to help the Barristers really make use of their short passing game.

 

Jose Miguel Poblete got his goal early in the first half. Well-known as an unselfish playmaker, he proved himself to have a deadly right foot when the ball fell to him on the edge of the 18 yard box, and he slotted it right past the keeper. He later drew a penalty that he deferred to Captain Day Robins who scored easily from the spot.

 

The other two LLM students got their moments in the second half. Jose Beliz capitalized on a long buildup sequence to get the ball in the six yard box and calmly slid it past the keeper. Aside from his goal, he along with the other LLM players made very good use of backheels to bamboozle the other team and keep the Barrister’s faithful entertained.

 

Antonio Osores was the last debutant to score for Barristers. After proving needed physicality and poise in the midfield, he was able to get through on goal as the Tigres defense fell apart in the second half. All in all, the showing from the LLM players was exceptional and validates the funds Barristers expended on scouting international talent.

 

Another standout performance on the day was Kathryn Peters, who locked down the flanks as she had an amazing showing at fullback. Slide tackles, perfectly timed challenges and at one point a disgustingly disrespectful demonstration of step overs dropped the Tigres winger to the ground in front of his family, as Kathryn helped get the ball out of pressure.

 

Thanks to the effort by the entire team, center backs Ardi Khalafi and Ray Roesler were able to get some minutes farther up the field than usual. With his first touch at striker, Ardi played the team through and led to the fifth goal of the match. Afterwards he was quoted as saying “look what happens when I go up top, I touch the ball and we score.”

 

Not to be outdone, Ray made multiple bounding runs up the field in the hunt for his own goal. Despite not getting a look for either of the PKs drawn by Barristers United, and having the distraction of his dog Zona barking frantically whenever he got the ball, Ray was able to preserve and get a goal near the end of the game to take some pressure off the team by making the scoreline 9-0.

 

There are so many other standout performances that we unfortunately don’t have time to go too in depth. Sam’s calmly taken penalty, Day’s numerous skills that brought Tigres players to the ground, Mustapha’s technique that confounded the defense, Tyler’s work rate to help control the midfield, and Tom Schnoor’s versatility filling in for every position in the back line. All in all, it was an impressive team effort despite being short staffed due to Foxfield.

 

The final noteworthy performance of the day came from the referee, who, unlike other officials, seemed to have a decent understanding of the offsides rule, was not openly drunk, and didn’t curse out the other team at any point. While it makes for a less entertaining read, the quality game management on display today was noted by all in attendance.

 

Be sure to tune in next week as the team takes on the fearsome team Spare Parts in what will no doubt be an incredible clash!

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jwb4bb@virginia.edu